High-Temperature Electrolysis Capabilities

XRD (lab-scale and synchrotron/ex situ and in situ) to identify primary and secondary phases. XAS (ex situ and in situ) determines oxidation states and local binding environments. XPS (ex situ and in situ) is a surface sensitive technique that provides chemical and oxidation state identification and contaminant identification with 1 mm resolution, 0.1 atomic percent element sensitivity, and minimal sample prep required. Near ambient pressure XPS (NAP-XPS) is an XPS system capable of operating at pressures of a few tens of mbar, at temperature, and under bias.